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Small Town
Germans: The Germans of Lawrence, Kansas, from 1854 to 1918 |
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Abstract | Introduction | Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 | Chapter 3 | Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 | |
| #1 | BACK |
Alexis De Tocqueville, Democracy in America, edited by Richard Heffner (New York: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1956), p. 91.
| #2 | BACK |
Carl Wittke, The German Language Press in the United States (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1957),p. 75.
| #3 | BACK |
United States Department of Interior, Bureau of the Census, History and the Present Condition of the Newspaper and Periodical Press of the United States, Washington, D.C., 1880, Special Report, pp. 126-128.
| #4 | BACK |
David Dary, Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas: An Informal History (Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Books, 1982), Appendix A, Lawrence's Newspapers.
| #5 | BACK |
Eleanor Turk,"The German Newspapers of Kansas," Kansas History 6 (Spring 1983): p. 46.
| #6 | BACK |
Kansas State Historical Society and Department of Archives, History of Kansas Newspapers (Topeka: 1916), p. 12.
| #7 | BACK |
Eleanor Turk, "German Newspapers," Kansas History, p. 51.
| #9 | BACK |
George Rowell, American Newspaper Directory (New York: G.P. Rowell &Co., 1879-1894).
| #10 | BACK |
A biographical sketch claims that Gottlieb Oehrle entered the orphanage right after the raid. That cannot be true because the German Methodist Orphanage at Berea was not established before May 1864. Therefore, it can be assumed that he lived with his mother until she died, and then entered the orphanage in the 1860s.
| #11 | BACK |
Carl Wittke, German-language Press, p. 112.
| #12 | BACK |
George Rowell, American Newspaper Directory (New York: G.P. Rowell & Company, 1878 - 1889).
| #13 | BACK |
Ibid., The office of the Lawrence Germania was located on 716 Massachusetts Street, on the second floor above the City Drug Store.
| #14 | BACK |
Theresa Thueringer, "Henry Albach: Editor and Agitator, 1914-1918," (Masters Thesis, University of Kansas, 1984), pp. 14-15.
| #15 | BACK |
The Democrat was published as a daily paper from January to October 1910. The financial and physical burden forced Albach to publish it as a weekly thereafter.
| #16 | BACK |
Albach file, Douglas County Historical Society, Lawrence, Kansas.
| #17 | BACK |
Carl Wittke, The Geman-language Press, p. 211.
| #18 | BACK |
Die Germania, May 18, 1889. Here in Lawrence with over 1000 German families, we still publish Die Germania but our subscription list gets shorter with every death of a German-American citizen. It is just a question of time, of a short time, when we have to cease publication of Die Germania. It is deplorable that our German reading families neglect their newspaper in their mother tongue. This happens not only in Lawrence and Leavenworth but in the whole nation.
| #19 | BACK |
Carl Wittke, The German-language Press, p.199.
| #20 | BACK |
Theresa Thueringer, "Henry Albach," p. 29.
| #21 | BACK |
Carl Wittke, The German-language Press, p. 241.
| #22 | BACK |
George Rowell, American Newspaper Directory, 1879-1894; N.W. Ayer and Son, American Newspaper Annuals and Directory (Philadelphia: N.W. Ayer and Son Newspaper Advertising Agents, 1910 -1919).
| #23 | BACK |
Carl Wittke, The German-language Press, p. 252.
| #24 | BACK |
Theresa Thueringer, "Henry Albach," p. 30.
| #25 | BACK |
Lawrence Germania, October 6, 1916.
| #26 | BACK |
Theresa Thueringer, "Henry Albach," p. 36.
| #27 | BACK |
Carl Wittke, The German-language Press, p. 264.
| #28 | BACK |
Theresa Thueringer, "Henry Albach," p. 36.
| #29 | BACK |
Die Germania, December 18, 1917.
| #30 | BACK |
Journal World, January 14, 1818.
| #31 | BACK |
Die Germania, August 30, 1918.
| #32 | BACK |
LaVern Rippley, The German-Americans (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1976), p. 161.
| #34 | BACK |
Carl Wittke, The German-language Press, p. 5.
| #35 | BACK |
Albert Bernhard Faust, The German Element in the United States (New York: The Steuben Society of America, 1927), p. 413.
| #36 | BACK |
LaVern Rippley, The German-Americans, p. 106.
| #37 | BACK |
M.K. Vetter, Kurzgefasste Geschichte des Kansas Districts, 1861-1888 (Leavenworth, Kansas: Leavenworth Tribuene, 1913); Kansas Daily Tribune, November 30, 1867.
| #38 | BACK |
Reverend A.H. Ott, A History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Kansas, (No place,1907), p.119.
| #40 | BACK |
Die Germania, May 16, 1889.
| #41 | BACK |
Diane Davis, "Foreign Language Settlements in Lawrence," unpublished manuscript, p.11. University Archives, University of Kansas, Neal Carmen Box 2.
| #42 | BACK |
"The evangelical congregation dedicated their new church today," Die Germania, June, 1889.
| #43 | BACK |
Louise Albert Mueller, "Family History of the Albert Family," unpublished manuscript, Douglas County Historical Society, Lawrence, Kansas.
| #45 | BACK |
Diane Davis, "Foreign Language Settlements in Lawrence," p.12.
| #46 | BACK |
Louise Albert Mueller, "Albert Family History."
| #47 | BACK |
The Gorton family remodeled the little house but tried to keep its original character. They created an upstairs area connected to the downstairs by a wooden staircase. They also took two windows from the south side and placed them at the back wall of the house. A backdoor was set in and the two wing front door was replaced by a one wing door. After the remodeling, the Gortons had turned the one room structure into a house which offered bedrooms and a bathroom upstairs and a living-room, kitchen, study and utility-room downstairs. The house is still occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Gorton.
| #48 | BACK |
John B. Frantz, "Early German Methodism in America," Yearbook of German-American Studies 26 (1991): p. 172.
| #49 | BACK |
Reverend William Daniels, The Illustrated History of Methodism in Great Britain and America (New York: Phillips and Hunt, 1880), chapter six: German Methodism.
| #50 | BACK |
Carl Frederick Wittke, William Nast: Patriarch of German Methodism (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1959), p. 33.
| #54 | BACK |
Edith Howard, "History of the German Methodist Episcopal Church in Lawrence" unpublished manuscript, Public Library, Lawrence, Kansas, p. 2
| #55 | BACK |
Tax Records, City of Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas, 1860-1919.
| #56 | BACK |
According to Edith Howard and the city directories of the years 1866 to 1917, the following membership numbers have been found:
| Year | Membership |
|---|---|
| 1859 | 6 |
| 1880 | 25 |
| 1895 | 50 |
| 1905 | 58 |
| 1907 | 65 |
| 1909 | 70 |
| 1911 | 65 |
| 1913 | 65 |
| 1915 | 70 |
| 1917 | 75 |
| #57 | BACK |
Edith Howard, "History of the German Methodist Episcopal Church," p. 2.
| #61 | BACK |
Ibid., Reverend George Woestermeyer, the last pastor of the Lawrence German Methodist Episcopal Church from September 1817 to September 1818, was the only one who was born in the United States. He was born in Napoleon, Missouri.
| #62 | BACK |
Carl Wittke, William Nast, p. 68.
| #64 | BACK |
"Minutes of the German Methodist Church Quarterly Meeting, September 19, 1892 - August 12, 1902," Photocopy in privet hands of Ruth Ann Paddock, Lawrence, Kansas.
| #65 | BACK |
Ibid., May 21, 1894.
| #66 | BACK |
John Bodnar, The Transplanted: A History of Immigrants in Urban America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985), p. 148.
| #67 | BACK |
Carl Wittke, William Nast, p. 78.