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Small Town
Germans: The Germans of Lawrence, Kansas, from 1854 to 1918 |
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Abstract | Introduction | Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 | Chapter 3 | Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 | |
| #1 | BACK |
Ann Novotony, Strangers at the Door: Ellis Island, Castle Garden, and the Great Migration to America (Riverside, Connecticut: Chatham Press, 1971).
| #2 | BACK |
John Haywood, The Tragedy of German-Americans: The Germans in the United States during the Nineteenth Century and After (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1940),p. 57.
| #3 | BACK |
See, John Bodnar, The Transplanted: A History of Immigration in Urban America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985); LaVern Rippley, The German-Americans (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1976); Haywood, The Tragedy of German-Americans.
| #4 | BACK |
Bodnar, The Transplanted, pp. 6-15.
| #5 | BACK |
Rippley, The Geman-Americans, p. 41.
| #7 | BACK |
Turk, "Selling the Heartland," Kansas History 12 (Autum 1989), p. 152.
| #8 | BACK |
Haywood, The Tragedy of the German-Americans, pp. 63-64.
| #9 | BACK |
Bodnar, The Transplanted, p. 57.
| #10 | BACK |
A.T. Andreas, The History of the State of Kansas (Chicago: 1883), p. 313.
| #11 | BACK |
David Dary, Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas: An Informal History (Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Books: 1982), p.19.
| #12 | BACK |
Andreas, History of Kansas, p. 84.
| #14 | BACK |
The Emigrant Aid Company of New York and Connecticut was organized July 18, 1854, under a charter granted by the legislature of Connecticut. Its objects were of the same general character as those of the Massachusetts Company. The Union Emigration Society was organized in Washington D.C. by members of Congress and citizens opposed to slavery.
| #15 | BACK |
Andreas, History of Kansas, p. 84.
| #18 | BACK |
James Shortridge, "People of the New Frontier: Kansas Population Origins, 1865," Kansas History 14 (Autumn 1991): p. 174.
| #19 | BACK |
Louis Barry, "The Emigrant Aid Company Parties of 1854", Kansas Historical Quarterly 8 (May 1943): p. 117.
| #20 | BACK |
According to The Roster of Kansas Volunteers in the Service of the United States and the Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Kansas, 1861-65, Gunther enlisted in the army on May 14, 1861 and was mustered out March 18, 1865. During his service, Gunther served in the second Kansas Infantry Company D, as well as the second Kansas Calvery Companies E and H. On March 8, 1862, Gunther was promoted to the rank of a captain.
| #21 | BACK |
4th party arrived in Kansas City on October 28, 1854 (app. 230 people);
5th party arrived in Kansas City on November 18, 1854 (app. 20 people);
6th party arrived in Kansas City in December (app. 30 people).
| #22 | BACK |
Barry estimates the number to be about 670 people.
| #23 | BACK |
Amos Lawrence was treasurer of the New England Emigrant Company and belonged to a well established family in eastern Massachusetts.
| #24 | BACK |
The church was named Plymouth Church because they believed that there was a close parallel between the Kansas settlers and the pilgrims of Plymouth. See Cordley, A History of Lawrence, Kansas, p. 17.
| #25 | BACK |
Though the first number of the Herald of Freedom was titled Wakarusa (October 21, 1854), it was edited and printed at Conneautvillee, Pennsylvania and sent back to Lawrence. The editor could not use Missouri printing presses because of his anti-slavery views. The second number, however, appeared on January 1st, 1855 in Lawrence. In the meantime a printing office had been established. For further information on the early history of Lawrence, see: Dary, Lawrence; Cordley, A History of Lawrence, and A.T. Andreas, History of the State of Kansas.
| #26 | BACK |
Cordley, History of Lawrence, pp. 161-162.
| #27 | BACK |
Andreas, History of Kansas, p. 353.
| #28 | BACK |
Compare U.S. Federal Census for Kansas 1860. At several points a number of 60 has been estimated. I counted 84 German-born emigrants to Lawrence.
| #29 | BACK |
Lawrence Daily Journal World, Lawrence Today and Yesterday (Lawrence, Kansas: Lawrence Daily Journal World, 1913), p. 63.
| #30 | BACK |
In Andreas' History of the State of Kansas, pp. 311-347, the author lists about 200 biographical sketches of Lawrence residents. 15 sketches are about people of German origin. See, Alexander Marks and August Menger on page 340.
| #31 | BACK |
Andreas, History of Kansas, p. 340.
| #33 | BACK |
Rippley, German-Americans, p. 58.
| #36 | BACK |
Statistics of American Soldiers (New York: 1869).
| #37 | BACK |
Albert Faust, The German Element in the United States (New York: The Steuben Society of America, 1927), pp. 522-526; Rippley, German-Americans, p. 62; Dietmar Kuegler, Die Deutschen in Amerika,: Die Geschichte der deutschen Auswanderung in die U.S.A. seit 1683 (Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag, 1983), p. 126.
| #38 | BACK |
Kuegler, Die Deutschen in Amerika, p. 126.
| #39 | BACK |
For detailed information on German regiments during the Civil War, see Faust and Kuegler.
| #40 | BACK |
Cordley, History of Kansas, p. 177.
| #42 | BACK |
Henry Albach, "History of the Lawrence Turnverein," unpublished manuscript, Kansas Collection, University of Kansas. This sketch is only one page long and contains hardly any detailed information on the club.
| #43 | BACK |
Rippley, German-Americans, p. 63.
| #44 | BACK |
Cordley, The Kansas Annual Register, reprinted in Dary, Lawrence, p. 113.
| #45 | BACK |
Cordley, History of Kansas, p. 240.
| #46 | BACK |
Dary, Lawrence, pp. 117-118.
| #47 | BACK |
Cordley, History of Kansas, p. 216.
| #49 | BACK |
Novotony, Strangers at the Door, p. 94.
| #50 | BACK |
Rippley, The German-Americans, p. 90.
| #51 | BACK |
The General Statutes of the State of Kansas (Lawrence, Kansas: 1868), Chapter 48, p. 519.
| #52 | BACK |
Kansas Bureau of Immigration, Official Facts about Kansas (Topeka, Kansas: 1884), introduction.
| #53 | BACK |
The Commonwealth, "Kansas in Europe," July 23, 1881.
| #54 | BACK |
Wayne Greiswold, Kansas:Her Resources and Developments or the Kansas Pilot giving a direct Road to Homes for Everybody (Cincinnati: Robert Clark and Company, 1871), p. 85.
| #55 | BACK |
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, Neuestes von Kansas. (Hamburg: D.F. Richter, 1881). Translation: "Men with capital are needed to make use of their money in the most profitable way by engaging in farming and life-stock raising. A farmer can buy a farm with a capital of 4000 Marks. But to settle down most comfortable, capital of 6000-7000 Marks are needed."